Unit 5: Manifest Destinymac's History



Unit 5: Manifest Destiny

Essential Understanding:
  • Manifest Destiny led to an aggressive policy of westward expansion.
  • Expansion led to foreign and domestic issues, including The Mexican War and the spread of slavery to new territories.
  • The United States’ desire for more territory led to the idea of Manifest Destiny affecting all within the path of growth.

Check Point Questions:

  • At what point does the attempt to control people without giving them a say lead to resentment and conflict?
  • What are the effects of always wanting more?
Students will know:
  • The Roots of Manifest Destiny: The Northwest Ordinance, The Louisiana Purchase , Lewis and Clark , the idea of Manifest Destiny
  • Political, Economic, Social Motives of Manifest Destiny: Opportunity in The West , Expansion/Restriction of Slavery , Religious Freedom (Mormons)
  • Key terms/concepts: Manifest Destiny, westward expansion, annexation, settlement, migration, pioneer, gold rush, annexation, Mexican Cession, natural barriers
  • How land was acquired through Westward Expansion: The Texas Revolution , The Mexican War, The California Gold Rush, territorial acquisitions, The Gadsden Purchase, Oregon Territory, Treaty of Paris, Florida Acquisition, The Louisiana Purchase
  • Including:
  • events in U.S. history through 1877, including westward expansion
  • 1803, Louisiana Purchase
  • areas that were acquired to form the United States, including the Louisiana Purchase
  • explain the importance of personal responsibilities, including accepting responsibility for one's behavior and supporting one's family
  • electronic technology with graphs, charts, timelines, and maps
  • transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate

Students will be able to:

  • Explain why many Americans believed The United States should and would expand all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
  • Compare how the land and natural features of North America both helped and hindered Americans’ westward migration during the 1800s.
  • Show how different views toward slavery affected how The West was settled and added to The United States.
  • Discuss why The United States went to war with Mexico, and how the outcome of the war added a great deal of territory to our nation.
  • Discuss and identify the territories that were added to The United States during the period of westward expansion.

Manifest Destiny is one of my favorite comic books running at the moment. If you're unfamiliar with the concept, Lewis and Clark are still exploring the American wilderness west of St. Louis, but in this alternate history, they are not merely mapping out the landscape and marking rivers, they are also analyzing any potential preternatural threats to the American pioneer.

  1. What was the main goal of Manifest Destiny? 8th Grade Unit 5 Westward Expansion Test Review DRAFT. 8th Grade Unit 5.
  2. TURNER'S HISTORY CLASS. Home About Contact Immigration Stations. Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.
  3. . determine the effects of manifest destiny on westward expansion in the 1800s. evaluate the incentives for territorial expansion and the methods used to acquire these lands in the 1800s. Social Studies Vocabulary Key Content Terms territory, diplomacy, Texas War for Independence, annex, manifest destiny, Mexican-American War.

About the Author: Warren Hierl taught Advanced Placement U.S. History for twenty-eight years. He has conducted 250+ AP US History workshops for teachers. He was a member of the committee that wrote the original Advanced Placement Social Studies Vertical Teams Guide and the Advanced Placement U.S. History Teachers Guide. He has been a reader, a table leader, and, for the past eight years, the question leader on the DBQ at the AP U.S. History reading.

In other words- Mr. Hierl grades the essays you will write for the APUSH exam.

The term “manifest destiny” was coined in the 1840s and espoused a philosophy that the United States had a God-given right to “overspread” the continent. At the heart of the doctrine was the notion that Americans were a superior people with superior governmental institutions, and they had superior moral character. In the minds of those who bought into this philosophy, it was only fitting that God should choose the United States to conquer and uplift inferior peoples. Manifest destiny fostered tremendous territorial expansion during the 1840s and 1850s and, unwittingly, contributed to sectional conflict and the break-up of the Union over the issue of slavery.

Lust for expansion of the United States began while there were still British colonies, well before the United States was formed. The increasing population and dominant agricultural lifestyle of the British North American colonists led to encroachment and acquisition of American Indian lands by treaty and force.

Westward expansion increased with the victory in the French and Indian War and the expulsion of the French from North America. The colonists began to believe that a vast new area of land west of the Appalachians would be opened to settlement. When Britain imposed the Proclamation of 1763 that banned settlement west of the Appalachians, the colonists simply ignored the proclamation and spilled over the mountains anyway.

Lust for expansion of the United States began while there were still British colonies, well before the United States was formed.

Formal westward expansion continued with the Treaty of Paris of 1783, which ended the American Revolution and established the official western boundary of the U.S. at the Mississippi. In 1803 the United States doubled its size with the purchase of the Louisiana Territory and moved its western boundary to the Rocky Mountains. Finally, with the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1820 (also known as the Florida Purchase Treaty or the Transcontinental Treaty), the U.S. gained Florida and enhanced their claims on Oregon. Thus by the 1840s, Americans had experienced nothing but the continual movement of the frontier westward and they fully expected that movement to continue.

Thus by the 1840s, Americans had experienced nothing but the continual movement of the frontier westward and they fully expected that movement to continue.

The expansionist mood continued into the 1840s where it began to mingle with the debate over the extension of slavery into new territory. Both the North and the South became interested in acquiring territory so that the new states could enter the Union and bolster that section’s political strength in Congress. The annexation of Texas was delayed until 1845, in part, because of northern fears that it could be divided into several states. In 1844 the Democrats nominated James K. Polk, an avowed expansionist, for president who set his eyes on the acquisition of Oregon. The campaign witnessed boisterous cries for “all of Oregon or none” and “Fifty-four Forty or Fight!” (54°40′being the southern boundary of Alaska). In the end, the United States and Great Britain peacefully divided Oregon at the 49° north latitude (the current boundary between the U.S. and Canada); the United States had expanded west to the Pacific.

Perhaps the epitome of the concept of manifest destiny was the Mexican-American War.

Perhaps the epitome of the concept of manifest destiny was the Mexican-American War. James K. Polk used a boundary dispute between Texas and Mexico to deliberately provoke a war and gain territory for the United States. Generally the war was favored and fought mostly by southerners who hungrily-eyed the prospect of acquiring land that might well be turned into slave states. Northerners, while skeptical of the spread of slavery (attested to by the Wilmot Proviso), nevertheless saw the possibility of extending the boundaries of the U.S. to the Pacific. The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ended the war and won for the U.S. the southwestern quarter of the country. Many Americans viewed this as justified since they believed that American values, morals, and institutions were superior to those of Mexico.

Destinymac

Many Americans viewed this as justified since they believed that American values, morals, and institutions were superior to those of Mexico.

Not everyone was satisfied that the manifest destiny of the United States was complete simply because the country now controlled a wide swath of territory from the Atlantic to the Pacific. More radical expansionists believed the U.S. should take all of Mexico while some, the most extreme among them, held that the manifest destiny of the U.S. should extend from sea to sea and pole to pole.

As sectional tensions grew in the 1850s over the issue of slavery, U.S. government attempts to gain land stalled, with the exception of the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. The Gadsden Purchase was designed to acquire territory for a southern route for a potential transcontinental railroad. The Ostend Manifesto also sounded out European attitudes should the United States decide to take over Cuba. While the federal government may have been stymied in acquiring new territory, private filibustering expeditions eyed Central America as a prospective possession, largely for personal or economic gain. Most notably, William Walker usurped the presidency of Nicaragua which he controlled for more than a year. These expeditions probably hindered the potential for U.S. expansion by placing the affected governments on guard for possible U.S. territorial acquisitions.

As sectional tensions grew in the 1850s over the issue of slavery, U.S. government attempts to gain land stalled

The outbreak of the Civil War, more or less, snuffed out the remaining thirst for territorial expansion and the manifest destiny of the United States seemed to have been fulfilled. Following the Civil War, the United States focused on the economic development of its plentiful natural resources which, at the time, seemed inexhaustible. Although Alaska was purchased in 1867, the acquisition was ridiculed as “Seward’s Folly” or “Seward’s Icebox.”

Unit 5: Manifest Destinymac's History Timeline

The outbreak of the Civil War, more or less, snuffed out the remaining thirst for territorial expansion and the manifest destiny of the United States seemed to have been fulfilled.

The closing of the frontier in 1890 and the Panic of 1893 led to the reemergence of the concept of manifest destiny under a new name, “new imperialism“.

The closing of the frontier in 1890 and the Panic of 1893 led to the reemergence of the concept of manifest destiny under a new name, “new imperialism“. This new expansionist sentiment saw U.S. expansion (or at least justified it) as a God-given obligation rather than merely a God-given right. It was the duty of the United States to lift native people out of the state of barbarism; it was the “white man’s burden” to uplift, Christianize, and civilize the heathen savages. By no means did this mean that the motives of imperialists were solely altruistic. The closing of the frontier led to the realization that U.S. resources were not inexhaustible and that possession of resource-rich territories might be necessary. As well, the Panic of 1893 led to the belief that the domestic market had become saturated and that new markets were necessary if the U.S. economy was to continue to prosper. Also present was the realization that European countries were carving up Africa and Asia and that the U.S. “must not fall behind.”

Unit 5: Manifest Destinymac's History Pdf

Also present was the realization that European countries were carving up Africa and Asia and that the U.S. “must not fall behind.”

In this period the United States embarked on an aggressive policy of acquisition and control over foreign territories. The Spanish-American War led, directly or indirectly, to the acquisition of Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam. The “big stick” policy of Teddy Roosevelt gave the United States control of the Panama Canal Zone while the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine allowed the U.S. to “police” the Western Hemisphere and interfere in the affairs of sovereign nations. There were, however, significant differences between the manifest destiny of the 1840s and the new imperialism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Unlike manifest destiny, under new imperialism the U.S. had no intention of supplanting or replacing the native populations. Rather the U.S. would govern these territories while extracting labor from the native populations. Also, in the later time period, there was much more significant opposition to the imperialistic policies of the U.S. than had been the case earlier. The Anti-Imperialist League boasted high profile names like Andrew Carnegie and Mark Twain among its members.

Unlike manifest destiny, under new imperialism the U.S. had no intention of supplanting or replacing the native populations. Rather the U.S. would govern these territories while extracting labor from the native populations.

Unit

Unit 5: Manifest Destinymac's History Quizlet

The manifest destiny of the 1840s carried with it the assumption that the United States was politically and morally superior to other nations and peoples. Thus it assumed that God had given His blessing to the U.S. to overspread the continent. Similarly, new imperialism boasted a moral superiority that obligated the United States to uplift those in a more primitive state. As John W. Burgess, founder of Columbia University’s School of Political Science said in 1890, “there is no human right to the status of barbarism”, and thus it was the obligation of the United States to impose civilization on those who could not achieve it on their own.